Daniel Ellsberg Blazed The Path For Manning & Snowden
By Mickey Z.
14 June, 2013
World News Trust
Photo credit: Mickey Z.
"The Pentagon Papers are mesmerizing, not as documentation of the history of the U.S. war in Indochina, but as insight into the minds of the men who planned and executed it." - Arundhati Roy
June 13, 2013 marks 42 years since the New York Times published an article by Neil Sheehan called, "Vietnam Archive: Pentagon Study Traces 3 Decades of Growing U.S. Involvement."
It was the first installment of a 7,000-page document that came to be known as the "Pentagon Papers." How important was the public airing of a secret government study of decision-making about the Vietnam War? None other than Henry Kissinger labeled the man who leaked that study -- Daniel Ellsberg -- "the most dangerous man in America."
Author H. Bruce Franklin called Ellsberg, "That young man with boundless promise who graduated third in his Harvard class of 1,147 in 1952, when America too seemed boundlessly promising."
An officer in the U.S. Marines, a Cold War theoretician for the Pentagon, Ellsberg was "not content with planning wars for others to fight and defending the Vietnam War on college campuses, (so he) volunteered in 1965 to go to Vietnam" where he "displayed such personal bravery in combat that some, such as his present biographer, claim he must have been suicidal."
All that changed in 1969 when Ellsberg discovered that President Richard Nixon was "the fifth president in a row now ... choosing to prolong the war in vain hopes that he might get a better outcome than he could achieve if he'd just negotiated his way out." Nixon, like those who came before him, would not accept anything that even looked like defeat and nothing would change his or his handlers' minds.
"That meant that if his decision was going to be changed -- and because I cared about Vietnam and this country, I felt quite urgently that I wanted the United States to stop bombing them and stop killing Vietnamese -- the pressure would have to come from outside the executive branch," explained Ellsberg. "Reading the Pentagon Papers and reflecting on Vietnam revealed to me (that) you could do more for the country outside the executive branch."
Knowing full well his actions might result in his spending the rest of his days behind bars, Ellsberg leaked the document to the Times. The Nixon administration knew what the impact of this leak might be.
"To the ordinary guy, all this is a bunch of gobbledygook," White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman told Nixon on June 14. "But out of the gobbledygook comes a very clear thing: you can't trust the government; you can't believe what they say; and you can't rely on their judgment. And the implicit infallibility of presidents, which has been an accepted thing in America, is badly hurt by this, because it shows that people do things the president wants to do even though it's wrong, and the president can be wrong."
Further demonstrating just how wrong a president can be, Nixon ordered the Times to halt publication. This was done through a temporary restraining order from federal district court.
When the government and the Times tangled, the Washington Post entered the fray by publishing parts of the Pentagon Papers on June 18, 1971... this despite a personal plea from Assistant U.S. Attorney General William Rehnquist (later Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court).
Within two weeks, the case reached the Supreme Court where, in a 6-3 decision, the government was told it could not block publication of the Pentagon Papers. Two days earlier, Ellsberg had been charged with theft, conspiracy, and espionage, but Nixon's ability to be wrong knew no bounds.
In September 1971, the president had the infamous G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt break into Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office in an effort to dig up dirt on the whistleblower. This break-in became public knowledge during the Watergate scandal (along with an alleged plot to assassinate Ellsberg) and all charges were eventually dropped.
Ellsberg's courage had opened the eyes of a nation blinded by wartime propaganda. As the wounded marine-turned-author, W.D. Ehrhart, wrote in his memoir, Passing Time, about reading the Pentagon Papers:
"Page after endless page of it. Vile. Immoral. Despicable. Obscene ... I'd been a fool, ignorant and naive. A sucker. For such men, I had become a murderer. For such men, I had forfeited my honor, my self-respect, and my humanity. For such men, I had been willing to lay down my life."
To that, Daniel Ellsberg said: Not in my name.
#shifthappens
Mickey Z. is the author of 11 books, most recently the novel Darker Shade of Green. Until the laws are changed or the power runs out, he can be found on an obscure website called Facebook.
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