Koodankulam Diary
By Admiral Ramdas & Lalita Ramdas
09 January, 2012
Dianuke.org
This is Admiral Ramdas and Lalita Ramdas’ diary after their recent visit to Koodankulam (Dec. 4 – 5 2011). Besides underlining the strengths and resilience of the movement on the ground, this diary has also highlighted the larger questions of sustainability, livelihood and dignity that the struggle in Koodankulam has come to symbolize.
Our decision to make the long trek to the deep south to show our solidarity and also to get a first hand sense of the three month long agitation going in the little fishing town /village of Idinthakarai, brought us some unintended benefits which we shall long remember………And we speak now of the 42 hour long but beautiful journey from Delhi to T Puram on the Rajdhani Express. Talk of GREAT TRAIN JOURNEYS – this must surely feature high on the list?
We passed through many regions – from the brown and the barren, to the greenest parts of our country. The journey took us through the states of Haryana, MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, and finally to Tiruvananthapuram in Kerala. And we were mute witness to the unspeakable predatory destruction of mother nature almost right throughout the journey by way of quarrying, mining and pollution.
Arrived T Puram at 0500 – After a quick wash and change, we hit the road again for the four hour drive to the now famous (notorious?) Koodankulam Nuclear power plant, situated in Tamil Nadu, at a location only 14 kms from Kanya Kumari, on the southern tip of the peninsula.
As we neared Koodankulam, we passed large numbers of windmills – and we felt good that T Nadu was also adding wind energy to its energy mix. We later discovered that the windmills are switched off for several hours a day in order to ensure that orders for coal at thermal coal power plants are not affected! Agitated local residents with whom we inter acted during the evening meeting (held during the daily two hour power cut ) told us this, also corroborated by several other locals.
It was noteworthy that every person we asked for directions in the last 15 to 20 kms before reaching our destination, knew the name of Idinthakarai, and waved us on with a smile (even though they often mixed up left and right!)
We passed the Anu Vijay townships I and II, where all the staff of the KKNPP are housed – located a safe distance away from the actual plant, with plenty of security stationed at different points.
And after negotiating a 2 to 3 km stretch of barren road, passing a number of women and girls wending their way on foot , we saw the soaring spires of the 107 years old cathedral of Irindathakarai………a beacon which no one can miss, together with the sound of speeches and songs over the loudspeakers.
The spectacle that greeted us was impressive – at least a couple of thousand people sitting under large thatched roofs , built from local materials by the locals, to hold and shield at least 15000 or more people from the elements. This year Dec 6 was being celebrated as Communal Harmony Day – because it was not only Ambedkar Jayanthi ( birthday), and the holy festival of Muharram, but the Anniversary of the destruction of the Babri Masjid in 1992.
MOST SIGNIFICANTLY IT WAS DAY 113 OF THIS DEMONSTRATION OF UNITY AND PEACEFUL, NON- VIOLENT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE BY THE CITIZENS OF THE REGION MOST LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED BY THE OPERATIONALISATION OF THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTED BY RUSSIA.
Our arrival caused a brief interruption in the programmed of tributes to Ambedkar, to the vision of a caste free India, as also to celebrate our unity in diversity of people of all faiths and economic backgrounds as being Indians first and Indians last. And the growing crowds, (80% of whom were women) sat in near pin drop silence as they listened to songs, poems, speeches interspersed of course with slogans in which we all joined lustily!
When it came to our turn, we spoke of our own backgrounds, explained why we were there and where we came from; especially the fact that we too lived not to far from yet another proposed massive nuclear project at – Jaitapur ; and how important it was to link with others across the country who shared similar problems and concerns and a shared vision of a non-nuclear energy future.
One cannot but be struck by the participation of such an overwhelming number of women. And in the next bulletin we will speak more of the role of women, and how they have been motivated to come out of their homes for over three months now.
The formal fasting ended with a Peace and Harmony March right through the little fishing town by a crowd of nearly three thousand of us – and the accompanying video shows graphically the turn out of women, girls and children ….”….
A large number if Muslim women joined us in the afternoon and the formal gathering came to a close with an address by the local Imam, reinforcing the same message- VENDAAM(we don’t want), VENDAAM, Anu Ulai (Nuclear Power) VENDAAM.
Our overwhelming first hand impression was that all the efforts of the central government to reassure the public about the 100% safety of nuclear power, including the visit by the former President of India, Dr Abdul KALAM, has failed to make any impression on the local people. They are continuing their struggle with greater zest than ever before . Today, DEC 6, not only marked day 113 of the overall agitation but day 50 of an unprecedented relay fast where participating villages took it in turns to bring their work ( like rolling beedies!), their babies, etc and sit in solidarity from 10am to 5pm.
We heard endless accounts of how the 23 year old struggle of the people protesting the building of the plant, entered a new and agitational phase of protest directly caused by the decision of the authorities at KKNPP to do a trial run – described graphically by 65 year old Celine in front of the gathered assembly. And it was this unearthly noise and howling of Machinery for a prolonged period of time, together with the lessons of Fukushima and their own tsunami from the victims rehabilitated barely 2kms away from the plant, that convinced t hem to fight to the finish.
Koodankulam Diary (Part II): Anatomy of the Struggle
The two days spent in Idinthakarai were packed with realty bytes, sound bytes, history, legends, horror stories and stories of courage and solidarity, faith and belief in some superior agency – whether it be Christ, Allah or the goddess Amman, together with a deep-rooted anger and disillusionment in a Sarkar that has treated them with such scant respect. Every moment was filled with new information and learning, intense conversations, replayed narratives, questions and intensive debates
I have never been more grateful for my little knowledge of Tamil – self taught, in order to communicate with my ma-in-law. And hence the women and I were able to sing and chatter together – be it about babies, recipes and cost of living, but most animatedly about the need for ‘ current’ (minsaaram – ie electricity in Tamil), but not necessarily of the nuclear kind!!
WOMEN TAKING THE LEAD – HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?
For some years now, we have been involved with `andolans’ and struggles – in our own backyard here in Raigad, Maharashtra where a former Naval person has been on demos and dharnas against the spectre of developing SEZs ostensibly for public purpose, but in fact part of the phenomena of ruthless land grab. Although women have come out in large numbers for the big rasta rokos and demonstrations, getting women to participate on a regular basis has always been a challenge – tied up as they are with their never-ending chores – be it in the field, workplace or in the home. The struggle in Koodankulam stands out for the massive and sustained participation of large numbers of women, young and old, who were willing to leave home, hearth and work for weeks and months.
In response to questions as to how and why this has happened, the answers are unequivocally linked to the quality of leadership and their visible and total commitment to the struggle; the incredibly high levels of transparency, education and participation; the continuous confidence building at all levels and an impressive display of local level consultation, micro management, and focus on efficiency and organization that has constantly been pro-active and enabling.
To give just one example – Rani Thomas [you can see her photograph taken during the march] explained to me at great length, in Tamil, how they initially all came every day from all the affected towns and villages in phase one. [Many of you would have seen the amazing media images of 15000 and more gathered at the siege of Koodankulam! ]
Moving to Phase II, they collectively agreed that it would be impossible to sustain this momentum and hence emerged the concept of a relay fast whereby there was a daily roster of who would participate from which village.
The women themselves came up with the idea that all those who could, would bring their work –for example rolling beedis, to the central venue in front of the Idinthakarai church – so that their earnings would not be too badly affected.
Women were also encouraged to bring along their children – from babes in arms to school going children – and for whom special arrangements were made so that the portable cloth cradles [“oonjal”]could be hung from trees or bamboo poles, food and water made available, as well as arrangements for doing their homework! Streetwise lists were drawn up indicating duties, help lists and lines and responsibility for collection of rations or filling up of water. Everyone, especially the kids, were encouraged to come to the mike, share the podium – tell their stories, recite poems, compose and sing songs. They were also encouraged to listen in disciplined silence to many interesting inputs, telling them about the risks of nuclear and coal power plants; of alternatives available in renewable; of struggles happening in other parts of the country from people who visited; of developments in Fukushima; of their history, of Ambedkar and Gandhi and their relevance to the present struggle; and much more about their local history, the environment, the already damaged and rapidly eroding coastline and their endangered occupation of fishing
THE ANATOMY AND TRANSFORMATORY NATURE OF STRUGGLE
A new spirit of knowledge and informed opinion making; of collaboration and community action was clearly at work . While we were there, we were told the extraordinary tale of how a bitter feud between two fishing communities was amicably settled through local negotiations and dialogue – and the monetary settlement was unanimously donated by both groups to the Halt Koodankulam Fund!
While it is true that a few leaders have played a role in uniting many disparate groups together; it is also true that the struggle itself has transformed the people in ways which are profoundly significant and need to be understood in the context of the increasing alienation of different segments of our people from initiatives and projects implemented by the state in so called public interest.
First of all it has provided a sense of bonding around a common purpose and threat – namely the prospect of a living source of potential dangers and radiation, moreover in their eyes it represents an expensive piece of equipment in which they clearly have little faith or trust.
Secondly, while the initial acts of protest were around legitimate fears of being affected either by physical displacement and/or impact on livelihoods, the post Tsunami and now Fukushima period have surfaced valid concerns about safety and other sources of danger which are built in to the very nature of nuclear technology itself.
Thirdly and more importantly – this has nurtured a substantive degree of identifying with other struggles across the country – especially of all those facing existing or potential threats to health, habitation and livelihoods from nuclear power plants – the ANU MIN NILAYAMS! We were told by different women in different locations how a group of them has left for Delhi to participate in the National day of Protest against Nuclear Power; another group had been upto Chennai to participate in a day long fast and a Press conference. Ahead there were similar meetings in Madurai, Trichy, Coimbatore……….
And the women were in the forefront – the first to put up their hands and volunteer ……with an unbelievable level of support from their menfolk and families. We were part of one such decision making exercise during the daily evening meeting held between 6 to 8pm (during one of the two to three daily power cuts), on the sacred space surrounding a small Amman [Devi – Bhavani – Shakthi] shrine. This is located just short of the crossroads one of which is the road leading to the plant where the SIEGE OF KKNPP took place. We sat on the cool sand – being introduced to many of the different groups . In contrast to the predominantly Christian composition of Idinthakarai these were primarily a community of traders, Nadars, from Koodankulam. Yes, (in response to a comment on our last blog!), it was almost like a picnic atmosphere – families strolled in – children played together without disturbing the adults – who busily discussed new developments, the latest news from the state and national capitals, and the next round of events in the pipeline. We have been highly impressed by the extraordinary levels of information dissemination and sharing – including media contact. Needless to say this is an outstanding example of the use of technology in peoples’ empowerment and mobilization. When some 200 people had gathered around 730pm, Uday Kumar shared the news that one group had reached Delhi, the second group was leaving for Madurai and Chennai – but now there was a requirement for a representative group from all the agitating villages to be present at a meeting in Coimbatore……..Within the space of 30 minutes – a plan of action was in place – details and responsibilities allocated – and we dispersed after the Kappala Todi Kulapathi [Former] Chief of the Navy and his wife , addressed the gathering in an interesting mixture of Tamil, English and Hindi!!!
Understandably all of this has given the people a high level of confidence to speak about what is motivating them, about what they don’t want and what they do want.
It is a point worth noting that the current phase of high intensity opposition was directly triggered by the atmosphere of secrecy, the total lack of transparency, and acts of omission and commission, by a somewhat bumbling atomic energy officialdom. Although we heard the chronology of the protest movement from people like Muhilan and Uday Kumar, it was the women who were interrupting each other in their enthusiasm to tell us of all the steps that had brought them to this juncture. We listened with sadness as they spoke of voices not heard, of hopes kindled and then dashed ; of seeing the direct impact of the earlier Tsunami on their own beaches and livelihoods; and the genuine fears about anything nuclear, after Fukushima.
Eventually it turned out that the trial run of the power plant in July 2011 – together with the announcement in the press, [hastily withdrawn but too late] warning the public that the plant was being started up for a trial run but in case of problems/accidents they were to run in a direction away from the plant with their eyes, nosed and faces covered – that was the proverbial last straw on the back of the long suffering public of the Koodankulam catchment area!
Celine – the 65 year old woman spoke in graphic terms to the large audience, describing the unholy loud grinding, howling sounding which emerged for many days from the plant during the trial run and which had the entire area in a state of terror.
These are people who will not easily forgive or forget that not one among the procession of top leaders and VIPs took the time or trouble to visit and engage with them in any serious effort to understand the source of their fears and their objections.. From all accounts this was nothing new, but went back to their early days of protests when the very first surveys were being carried out some twenty odd years ago….It is a matter of regret that the authorities were in such a rush to send out a former President, about whom today there is widespread skepticism, indeed questioning about his very credentials as a scientist qualified to make the sweeping pronouncements that were carried for days in the media.
Koodankulam Diary Part- III: Lessons Learned – VAINDUM, VAINDUM SURYA ULAI VAINDUM!
In Parts I and II we have covered different aspects and impressions of our two day stay in Idinthakarai, especially the participation of women, and the management and organisation of the campaign by a group of committed leaders.
We intend, in this third and concluding section of our Koodankulam Diary, to talk about some of the important debates, continuing questions, and lessons learned which this sustained movement has surfaced – both for the atomic energy establishment, the government, the media and the activists and people’s movements.
But we will begin with a brief account of a special journey we undertook early on the morning of Dec 7 2011…..
We both love watching the sun rise,.and what better location than virtually at the tip of our beautiful Indian Peninsula…..And having returned to the Koodankulam area after a gap of some five years, we also very much wanted to get an updated view from seaward and a better sense of the location of the plant in relation to the sea, and the nearby human habitations, including the Tsunami Village as it is known here – where the survivors of the 2004 Tsunami from other parts of coastal Tamil Nadu were rehabilitated.
Our plan was to walk along the beach, or what remained of it after the Tsunami . But as we hit the shoreline, we were pleasantly surprised by an offer from the local fishermen to take us out in their boat to have a closer look at the plant and it’s surroundings. They had sized up quite quickly that this budda-buddi might not be able to make it on foot, given the erosion and uneven terrain.
This was too good an offer to turn down, and soon enough they rigged the ‘Yamaha’ outboard motor, and we jumped in after wading through knee deep water, with an energetic strong coxswain, and a 65 year old bowman, who made up the crew.
After deft handling of the boat riding the strong surf , we came into calmer waters. Barely had we negotiated the waves and, KKNPP came into full view – the boundary of which was virtually touching the sea. Our crew proudly informed us that just recently they were part of an over 1000 strong Armada of fishing boats which was a spectacular demonstration of their continuing protest against the nuclear plant held on National Fishermans’ Day- 21st November 2011.
Jutting out from the plant into the sea was a long Jetty , presumably built for supplies and other needs for the plant from Seaward. Our crew were especially keen that we observe the water discharge from the power plant. They are all deeply concerned about the fact that there will be continuous discharges into the sea from the plant. This in turn is likely to raise the sea temperature by approx 7 degrees Celsius causing an adverse impact on the Marine environment, marine life, and thus directly affect their life and livelihood. Our host, Jaya Augustin and his comrades had given us detailed inputs on the pattern of fish movements, currents, temperatures and their impact and much more till late into the wee hours of the previous night.
We were struck by their levels of information and knowledge about the hazards posed by climate change, unregulated chemical and other effluents from factories further along the coast, and now from nuclear power plants . Of course, the ability to communicate with them in Tamil was an added advantage in enabling a better appreciation of their own analysis of threats to the ecological , environmental and livelihood related issues. It is a pity that media reports and experts alike tend to be so dismissive about seemingly simple fisherfolk and farmers, who bring with them the experience and expertise of many generations of knowledge in their profession. This also explains the passion and determination of their opposition.
After being out at sea for an hour, we returned to the beach to disembark. Watching their efforts to haul the boat back on shore, made the former Naval person suggest to an interested audience, setting up a simple labour saving device like a winch and pulley system, which could save a lot of physical effort. This could even be financed by the community in the absence of any state support. Repeatedly we were told that it is this kind of advice, help and assistance that was required to upgrade their traditional livelihoods by communities, rather than being told that if they stopped protesting the nuclear plant, they could look forward to a four lane high way, special schools and multi specialty hospitals!
And the final wry comment was left to one of the women – lamenting that the former President of India, himself a Tamil, and moreover from a background similar to their own from a coastal community, having visited the power plant next door, did not, or could not, find a few minutes to sit and talk to them and listen to their point of view.
How is wide and large is the disconnect from the Rajas and the Prajas in this our largest democracy!
There is much we could write – but suffice it to say that the struggle in Koodankulam, regardless of its short term impact, success or failure, has many lessons for us all.
And it is these that we would like to flag in conclusion of a brief, intensive time spent with some amazing people who taught us so much:
LESSONS FROM KOODANKULAM
>> There is a deep divide, infact a chasm, around the question of nuclear power in general and the Koodankulam power plant in particular. The chief protagonists are the Government and the Atomic Energy establishment ; the local residents, those most likely to be worst affected and live in the vicinity of the plant ; and a broad range of the citizens from across the country, reflecting a wide spectrum of opinion in between.
>> These opinions range from the classic position that sees as un-negotiable, the given proposition that India desperately needs power; and that nuclear energy is the only source that can provide this; to those [and there are many] who are not against nuclear power per se, but feel strongly about the rush to invest in imported technology rather than develop our indigenous expertise and the tried and tested products of this.
>> Then there are those who genuinely believe that we cannot allow an investment of some Rs 14000 crores to be wasted, and that the KKNPP should at least be allowed to come on line and produce the electricity it was built to provide to the suffering people of the state of TNadu and other parts of the country.
>> The members of the Expert committee set up by the Koodankulam Peoples Movement against Nuclear Energy [PMANE], have worked hard to produce an outstanding report which has raised several important concerns. Competent members of this group, scientists and engineers from the power and other sectors, have also made some recommendations. In this the possibility of a fuel change/switch from nuclear to gas at the KKNPP has been examined and mooted at some length – precisely to address the valid question about whether this country can afford to let such a vast amount of public investment go waste. And they have quoted from past precedents in the USA – for eg at Shoreham.
>> And then again there are serious, technically competent and equally patriotic citizens, who are arguing for a pause in order to rigorously examine the kind of implications of the recent lessons from Fukushima and the twists and turns of the GOI around the core issue of the Nuclear Liability Bill and the recently promulgated Rules that from all evidence goes totally against the spirit of the original legislation.
>> Others genuinely believe that there is an urgent need to review India’s entire energy road map in its entirety –and this is the best time to do so – before embarking on the humungously expensive and some would say `suicidal’ path of importing equipment from France, the USA and elsewhere.
>> This is an imperative in light of the massive and mounting evidence pointing to the inbuilt dangers of nuclear technology, as witnessed in the major global nuclear accidents, and a large number of less lethal accidents both in India and abroad. This is also an imperative in view of the dizzying and astronomical costs of nuclear energy, and critically, this is an imperative in the face of overwhelming data and statistics as to the potential of renewable energy – especially solar and wind – when viewed through the prism of both safety, and costs, as well as availability.
>> The fact that people have been able to sustain a peaceful, non-violent, and articulate opposition is a powerful indicator of the growing ability and desire of people to be included in decision making regarding their own future.
>> Growing demand for participation in decision making – hall mark of Democracy? This is true equally of Koodankulam, as it is of other protest movements across the country. And indeed this affects not merely Nuclear concerns, but almost every major policy imperative affecting energy, agriculture, livelihoods, forests, health, or education., where people are seeing an increasing willingness on the part of our government, to sacrifice the long term interests and well being of the people at the altar of expediency and the dictates of the neo liberal paradigm driven by external forces, both government and corporate.
>> The visit reconfirmed the continuing efforts by the state to divide and disrupt peoples’ movements and to project those perceived to be against the decisions taken by the system, as being either foreign funded, seditious or against the national interest.
>> WHO FUNDS? From our conversations and observations in the course of our visit it was certainly clear that almost every single group of participants – be they fishermens’ organisations , women beedi workers, the Mandir, the Masjid or the Church, each one has contributed daily wages, weekly income, in rotation, in order to sustain the struggle. There is certainly no evidence of large scale inflows of huge moneys and lavish propaganda displays. Even those going to participate in rallies and meetings, are paying for themselves; as indeed are most of us who have travelled long distances to visit the area, talk to the people, and learn from what has become an iconic symbol of democratic dissent and participation. Let us remember that many members of fishing communities are reasonably well to do – as was visible during our stay in Idinthakarai.
>> There is also a clear and powerful message to our national and state elected representatives, that what does need to be reviewed are the very instruments processes and mechanisms of democracy and social justice itself – together with our policies on energy, natural resources and food security.
>> And more than anything else, once again we were made aware of the power of the media – and the often ambivalent or blatantly partisan role played by the print and electronic media – be it national or local, English or vernacular.
>> What we are hearing the people saying loud and clear to our leaders is very simply this : If we are not with you, it does not mean that we are against you. It does however mean that we want you to listen, to consult with us the people who elected you, and not with the foreign, (highly paid!!) consultants and experts and government representatives who, from our perspective, most often represent one or other powerful vested interest.
HAVE THEY GONE TOO FAR ? IS THE AGITATION OVERDONE? ARE THEY UNYIELDING?
Finally allow us to share impressions of the breadth of vision and perspective of the leadership and the participants of the Koodankulam `agitation’ – who have been dismissed in a newspaper report today as `having gone too far’ and it is overdone!!!!!
A local senior citizen from the Koodankulam area, (we forget his name) held forth for about an hour during the morning session on Dec 7th, before an enthralled audience of old, young, women, men, kids, explaining to them the basic principles of how power is generated; what are the various sources of driving Turbines – and providing a simple but comprehensive overview of renewable sources such as solar and wind……This was continuing education in the best sense of the word and the responses from the audience were immediate and intelligent ——“Thannin kodhiga vekkarathakul anu shakthi daan thevaya? “[Do we really need atomic energy in order to boil water?]
Perhaps it will be some of these long forgotten but necessary processes of creating an alert and informed public opinion that might ultimately build a more meaningful democratic process?
SO – ARE WE OBSTRUCTIONIST?
The women of Koodankulam would be the first to challenge any allegation that they were obstructing development and progress for the country by opposing this nuclear power plant. They were unambiguous on the need for electricity and no more power cuts. But, and on this there was total clarity, they did not believe that the power should only go to industry as at present – but that their villages, small towns, fields, plants should also receive their fair share of electricity. And after reading and hearing about many projects utilising decentralized, solar power systems they want to learn more and implement solar energy in their villages and towns.
Our readers will have to decide for themselves whether the slogans below are seditious or visionary?
VAINDAAM, VAINDAAM, ANU ULAI VAINDAAM (No No to Nuclear Energy)
VAINDUM, VAINDUM, SURYA ULAI VAINDUM (Yes, yes, to Solar Power)
So when they hear media and officials constantly asking why they did not protest much earlier, there is frustration combined with wrath and indignation, which can best be described as KOLAVERI, KOLAVERI DI……….You can hear it in their words, and see it in their eyes!!!
So we returned to Idinthakarai for the night – tired but exhilarated – after the many shots of adrenalin we had been receiving…..The spirit of the people, the women, was almost electric. There appeared to be a strongly held conviction that the Government had no option but to listen, sooner rather than later……
Our next blog will deal with the trip out to sea in the fishing boat WALRUS INDIA – the view from seaward of the Plant; as also the crucial question of the source of material and financial support for the movement. This is worth some elaboration, since every newspaper and TV channel has been screaming about the Foreign Funds and Foreign sources of support which are instigating this `war against the state’ , and the seditious actions on the part of the leadership and the people who are protesting against Nuclear power …………
Admiral L Ramdas served as Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian navy taking the reins on November 30, 1990. Vir Chakra, Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Admiral Ramdas was warded Vishisht Seva Medal and the Vishisht Seva Medal during his time in the Indian Navy. In 2004, he was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Awards for peace for his efforts in trying to demilitarise and denuclearize South Asia. Admiral Ramdas is a leading voice of the growing people’s resistance against nuclear energy projects in India.
Lalita Ramdas has been an educator and activist with a broad and varied experience spanning a professional life. She has been involved into examining national and global economic, social and ecological trends and developments within a human rights framework – especially looking at the connectivities with gender, minority and indigenous communities and policy formation. Lalita Ramdas is a national co-ordination committee member of the Coalition for Nuclear Disarmament and Peace.
Admiral Ramdas and Lalita Ramdas can be contacted at:
LARA – Ramu Farm
Bhaimala Gaon – PO Kamarle
Alibag 402209 – Raigad Dist
Maharashtra- India
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