The
Defiant Dicatator
By Robert Fisk
03 July, 2004
The
Star
Baghdad -
Bags beneath his eyes, beard greying, finger-jabbing with anger, Saddam
was still the same fox: alert, cynical, defiant, abusive, proud.
Yet history must
record that America's new "independent" government in Baghdad
yesterday gave Saddam Hussein an initial trial hearing that was worthy
of the brutal old dictator.
He was brought to
court in chains and handcuffs. The judge insisted his name should be
kept secret. The names of the other judges were kept secret. The location
of the court was kept secret. There was no defence counsel.
For hours, the Iraqi
judges managed to censor Saddam's evidence from the soundtrack of the
videotaped proceedings - so that the world should not hear the wretched
man's defence. Even CNN was forced to admit it had been given tapes
of the hearing "under very controlled circumstances".
This was the first
example of "new" Iraq's justice system at work - yet the tapes
of the court appeared on CNN with the logo "Cleared by US Military".
So what did the
Iraqis and their American mentors want to hide?
The voice of the
Beast of Baghdad as he turned - much to the young judge's surprise -
on the court itself, pointing out the investigating lawyer had no right
to speak "on behalf of the so-called coalition"?
Saddam's arrogant
refusal to take human responsibility for the 1990 invasion of Kuwait?
Or his dismissive, chilling response to the mass gassings of Halabja?
"I have heard
of Halabja," he said, as if he had read about it in a newspaper
article. Later, he said just that: "I've heard about them (the
killings) through the media."
Perhaps the Americans
and Iraqis appointed to run the country were taken by surprise.
Saddam, we were
told over the past few days, was "disoriented", "downcast",
"confused", a "shadow of his former self" and other
cliches.
These were the very
words used to describe him on the American networks from Baghdad yesterday.
But the moment the mute videotape began to air, a silent movie in colour,
the old combative Saddam was evidently still alive.
He insisted the
Americans were promoting his trial, not the Iraqis. His face became
flushed and he showed visible contempt for the judge. "This is
all a theatre," he shouted. "The real criminal is Bush."
The brown eyes moved
steadily around the tiny courtroom, from the judge in his black, gold-trimmed
robes to the overweight policeman with the giant paunch - we were never
shown his face - with the acronym of the Iraqi Correctional Service
on his uniform.
"I will sign
nothing - nothing until I have spoken to a lawyer," Saddam announced
- correctly, in the eyes of several Iraqi lawyers who watched his performance
on television.
Scornful he was, defeated he was not.
And, of course,
watching that face yesterday, one had to ask how much Saddam had reflected
on the very real crimes with which he was charged: Halabja; Kuwait;
the suppression of the Shi'ite Muslim and Kurdish uprisings in 1991;
the tortures and the mass killings.
One looked into
those big, tired, moist eyes and wondered if he understood pain and
grief and sin in the way we mere mortals think we do.
And then he talked
and we needed to hear what he said and the question slid away; perhaps
that is why he was censored. We were supposed to stare at his eyes,
not listen to his words.
Milosevic-like,
he fought his corner. He demanded to be introduced to the judge. "I
am an investigative judge," the young lawyer told him without giving
his name.
In fact, he was Ra'id Juhi, a 33-year-old Shi'ite Muslim who had been
a judge for 10 years under Saddam's own regime, a point he did concede
to Saddam later in the hearing.
He was the same
judge who accused Shi'ite prelate Moqtada Sadr of murder in April, which
led to a military battle between Sadr's militiamen and US troops in
the holy cities of Najaf and Karbala.
Judge Juhi, to no
one's surprise, was appointed by former US proconsul in Iraq, Paul Bremer.
Already, one suspected,
Saddam had sniffed out what this court represented for him: the United
States. "I am Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq," he announced.
When Judge Juhi
said he represented the coalition, Saddam admonished him. Iraqis should
judge Iraqis, but not on behalf
of foreign powers, he snapped.
"Remember,
you're a judge - don't talk for the occupiers."
Then he turned lawyer.
"Were these laws of which I am accused written under Saddam Hussein?"
Judge Juhi conceded
that they were. "So what entitles you to use them against the president
who signed them?"
Here was the old,
familiar arrogance, the president who believed he was immune from his
own laws, that he was above the law, outside the law.
Those big black
eyebrows that used to twitch whenever he was angry began to move threateningly,
until they were arching up and down like little drawbridges above his
eyes.
The invasion of
Kuwait was not an invasion, he said. "It was not an occupation."
Kuwait had tried to strangle Iraq economically, "to dishonour Iraqi
women who would go into the street and would be exploited for 10 dinars."
Given the number
of women dishonoured in Saddam's own torture chambers, these words carried
their own unique and terrible isolation.
He called the Kuwaitis
"dogs", a description the Iraqi authorities censored down
to "animals" on the tape. Dogs, alas, are one of the most
cursed of creatures in the Arab world.
"The president
of Iraq and the head of the Iraqi armed forces went to Kuwait in an
official manner," Saddam blustered.
But then, watching
that face, a dreadful thought occurred. Could it be that this awful
man - albeit given less chance to be heard than the Nazis at the first
Nuremberg hearings - actually knew less than we thought?
Could it be that
his aparatchiks and satraps and grovelling generals, even his own sons,
kept from this man the iniquities of his regime?
Might it just be
possible the price of power was ignorance, the cost of guilt a mere
suggestion here and there, that the laws of Iraq - so immutable according
to Saddam yesterday - were not adhered to as fairly as they might have
been?
No, I think not.
I remember how, a decade-and-a-half ago, Saddam asked a group of Kurds
whether he should hang "the spy" Farzad Bazoft and how, once
the crowd had obligingly told him to execute the young freelance reporter
from The Observer, he straightaway ordered his hanging.
No, I think Saddam
knew. I think he regarded brutality as strength, cruelty as justice,
pain as mere hardship, death as something to be endured by other people.
A key moment came
when Saddam, crouched slightly in his seat, said with controlled irony:
"Am I not supposed to meet with lawyers? Just for 10 minutes?"
And one had to have
a heart of stone not to remember how many of his victims must have begged,
in the same way, for just 10 minutes more. -
Copyright: The Star