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Apology For Assassination, Execution And Murder Of Arabic People

By Mary Hamer

18 November, 2011
Countercurrents.org

*PURPOSE: The purpose of this essay is to Apologize to the Arabic people for the internationally publicized & sensationalized Assassinations, Executions & Murder of several Arabic: heads of state, political leaders, military commanders or "terrorists" here in the early 21 st Century. Specifically, I will discuss the publicly advertised killings of: #1. Osama bin Laden. #2. Saddam Hussein. #3. Muammar Gaddafi. & #4. Anwar al-Awlaki. I will Conclude this paper with Section #5, with discussions on: Human Rights, the Human Ego & My Declaration against Assassination. Even though these Arabic people were Enemies of the West, all people have a right to a Fair trial [en.wikipedia.org. Right to a Fair Trial.], the presumption of innocence before being proven guilty & the right to be treated with dignity & respect. I will show that the killing of these Arabic men is evidence for a failure of the Rule of Law & a reversion to Caveman ethics of Revenge & Vigilante Justice.

I. OSAMA bin LADEN:

Here are some modified excerpts from my article: Celebrating the Killing of Osama bin Laden: (1)

DECLARATION of NON-VIOLENCE regarding the KILLING of Another HUMAN BEING:

*I, Mary Hamer will Not: Celebrate, clap, cheer, clink a glass of champagne, drink beer, dance in the streets, fire a gun into the air, gloat, be jubilant, shout with glee, smoke a cigar, swagger with pride, toast a drink, wave a flag, yell out with delight, yell out chest-thumping chants or show any other act of disrespect regarding the Killing of another human being -- including an enemy such as Osama bin Laden. I will not celebrate the use of deadly force & the use of a gun to shoot at a person's head & to explode his skull & blow his brains out. I will Not celebrate the deliberate, intentional, willful & pre-meditated killing of another person. I will not express joy at the murder of a human being in the name of justice. I will not celebrate any Ego that shoots a bullet into the head of, blows out the brains of & kills a human being. I will Not use a Native American Indian racial stereotype such as Geronimo – as the code word for the name of an operation to kill someone such as Osama bin Laden. I will not celebrate the killing of a person in order to increase poll numbers. I, Mary Hamer believe that it is wrong to kill, murder, execute, assassinate, torture, maim, slaughter, mutilate, bomb, hunt down & destroy another human being. I believe it is wrong to use deadly force & fire upon an unarmed person -- especially when the person using deadly force is the aggressor/intruder. I will treat all people with respect, even my Enemies.

*The ASSASSINATION of OSAMA Bin LADEN –vs- LEGAL KILLING?: *Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. military forces in a (non-)firefight (in Pakistan ) on 5/1/11 . (2) According to former White House counter-terror advisor & ABC News consultant Richard Clarke: “It's unlikely the SEALs ever planned to take bin Laden alive” … “I think it was the assumption all along that this was an assassination operation”. (3) *”A U.S. national security official … told Reuters that ‘This was kill operation', making (it clear) there was no desire to try to capture bin Laden”. “Special operators (SEALs) … were told: ‘We think we found Osama bin Laden & your job is to kill him'”. (4)

*Counter Argument: THE KILLING of a MILITARY COMMANDER: “According to Walter E. Dellinger, solicitor general under former U.S. President Bill Clinton, shooting bin Laden (was) legal because it was not an "Assassination" of a political leader but the killing of a military commander … i.e. in a military combat. And, in a military combat, an enemy can be lawfully killed even if he is unarmed.” (5) However, according to the “Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, if someone is ‘hors de combat' or ‘outside the fight', then targeting even military objectives is a war crime.” (6)

*EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLING/EXECUTION: Nazis: “Nick Grief, an international lawyer at Kent University, said that the attack (on bin Laden) had the appearance of an ‘Extrajudicial killing without due process of the law' … Even after the end of the second world war, Nazis had been given a fair trial before being punished as war criminals, Grief added”. “Comparisons between Bin Laden & Nazi war criminals have set the context for debates over whether greater effort should have been made to capture the founder of al-Qaida alive & bring him to justice in an international court”. (7) *Indictment: “David Scheffer, of Northwestern University School of Law, pointed out that Bin Laden was indicted in a Manhattan court in 1998 for conspiracy to attack U.S. defense installations. ‘Normally when an individual is under indictment, the purpose is to capture that person to bring him to court to try him. The object is not to summarily execute him if he's under indictment'”. (8)

*THE KILLING of UNARMED PEOPLE & INTERNATIONAL LAW: ”The sons of Osama bin laden have issued a statement that accuses the U.S. of violating international law by killing an unarmed man & dumping his body in the ocean”. (9) “Former West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt told German TV the operation (against bin Laden was) ‘A violation of international law'”. (10) *Policeman, Judge & Executioner: “The killing of Osama bin Laden when he was unarmed has raised concerns the United States may have gone too far in acting as policemen, judge & executioner of the world's most wanted man”. (11)

*THREATENING MOVES & FEAR: “Osama bin laden was not armed but did put up resistance when U.S. forces stormed a compound outside Islamabad & killed him”. “Bin Laden was shot when he made a threatening move”. (12) *Question: What was the threatening move & resistance that Osama bin Laden made to satisfy the Rules of Engagement & to justify killing him? “The terrorist leader was killed by American commandos who burst into his room & feared he was reaching for a nearby weapon, U.S. officials said”. (13) *Question: Should the military base their actions on the emotion of Fear? Also, how far away was this nearby weapon? – 3 feet, 10 feet or 25 feet away?

*RULES of ENGAGEMENT: DEADLY FORCE Used Against a PERSON by an AGGRESSOR/INTRUDER: *Aggressors: ”You can't claim self defense If you are the aggressor, which means you started the fight. You must act honestly & conscientiously, not from anger, malice or revenge. You must not provoke or intentionally bring an attack on yourself just so you can claim self defense as an excuse for using force, deadly or otherwise”. “If you intentionally cause the death of another human being … , you can be charged with murder”. (14) *Regarding bin Laden who was Unarmed & who Resisted: U.S. Military Use of Force combat guidelines -- states that for Level 4: Assaultive (Bodily Harm): The subject may physically attack, but does not use a weapon. Use defensive tactics to neutralize the threat. Defensive tactics include: Blocks, Strikes, Kicks, etc.. (15) Note: The U.S. Rules of Engagement do not specify killing a subject who is unarmed.

· Level 4: Assaultive (Bodily Harm). The subject may physically attack, but does not use a weapon. Use defensive tactics to neutralize the threat. Defensive tactics include Blocks, Strikes, Kicks, Enhanced pain compliance procedures, Impact weapon blocks and blows.

*THE RIGHT to a FAIR TRIAL & THE PRESUMPTION of INNOCENCE: “The sons of Osama bin Laden have issued … statement(s)” (prepared by an attorney) including the following: “Osama bin Laden was denied the presumption of innocence & a fair trial.” & “The ‘Assassination' of Osama bin Laden ‘Blatantly violated' international law”. “'We maintain that arbitrary killing is not a solution to political problems” “'We … demand an inquiry (into) the accuracy of the facts as stated by the United States into the fundamental question of why our father was not arrested & tried but summarily executed'”. (16)

*LAWFUL & LEGITIMATE: “Attorney General Eric Holder … declared the (bin Laden) operation ‘Lawful, legitimate & appropriate'”. (17) *Question: What would be an unlawful, illegitimate & inappropriate operation against Osama bin Laden? “The UN's high commissioner for human rights, Navi Pillay, appealed for ‘Full disclosure of the accurate facts' to determine the legality of the killing”. (18)

*JUSTICE, The Code Word for REVENGE: President Obama stated that with the killing of Osama bin Laden “Justice has been done”. (19) *Question: Was the killing of bin Laden: truly Justice or was it Revenge? In my opinion: If by the word Justice, an angry society punishes an offender with the intent: To harm, shame, humiliate or kill -- as payback for a past injustice -- then that society is executing an act of revenge. It is this type of merciless, sadistic, eye-for-an-eye argument that falsely uses the dignified word Justice to hide it's true intent of Revenge. Australian human rights lawyer Geoffrey Robertson said regarding the bin Laden killing: “It's not justice. It's a perversion of the term. Justice means taking someone to court, finding them guilty upon evidence & sentencing them”. … “This man has been subject to summary execution & what is now appearing after a good deal of disinformation from the White House is it may well have been a cold-blooded assassination”. “Robertson said bin Laden should have stood trial”. “A senior Muslim cleric in New Delhi , Syed Ahmed Bukhari (said) ‘ America is promoting jungle rule everywhere'”. (20)

II. SADDAM HUSSEIN:

*Here are some excerpts from my article: Apology for the Iraq War: The Disrespect, Humiliation & Dishonor of War. (21)

*The EXECUTION of SADDAM HUSSEIN: ”The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on December 30, 2006 . He was sentenced to death by hanging, after being found guilty & convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of … Iraqi Shi'ite … in 1982.” “The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows & ending after his head was in the hangman's noose. International public controversy arose when an unauthorized cell phone recording of the hanging showed him falling through the trap door of the gallows. Also, The unprofessional & undignified atmosphere of the execution drew criticism around the world from nations that both oppose & support capital punishment”. “Hosni Mubarak, the President of Egypt, called the execution shameful … & stated that the execution turned the ex-president into a martyr”. “Terry Davis, (the) Secretary General of the Council of Europe, made an official statement condemning the execution … The death penalty is cruel & barbaric”. Examples of humiliating remarks made to Saddam Hussein just before his hanging include: “A Shi'a version of an Islamic prayer was … recited by some of those present in the room, an apparent sectarian insult against the Sunni Saddam”. “One witness told Saddam (just before the execution) ‘Go to hell'”. (22) M.C. Land of Stuttgart, Germany states: “Looking at Hussein (a Sunni) being harassed by the Shiite executioners in his last minutes is a shameful scene & a dishonor for the Iraqi government”. (23) *Overall, Saddam Hussein's executioners “Converted ‘Justice' into … Revenge & hate”. (24)

*UNITED NATIONS INQUIRY: “In a letter to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, Emmanuel Ludot called for ‘A committee of inquiry to be set up under the aegis of the United Nations” arguing that the conditions of Saddam's execution were ‘Unacceptable on matters of principle'. The lawyer argued that Saddam ‘was until his death considered a prisoner of war & as such he should have benefited from the protections of the Geneva Conventions of 1949'. Under the Conventions, Saddam should have been shot by firing squad rather than hanged. Ludot also argued that the filming of Saddam's face during the execution was a clear violation of his rights. ‘Why did the United Nations not take the necessary precautions to ensure a minimum of dignity for a prisoner of war?' (Ludot) also demanded a full inquiry to determine … (regarding) Saddam's executioners, who … taunted him moments before his death.” (25)

*3RD GENEVA CONVENTION: The 3rd Geneva Convention gives guidelines for the treatment of prisoners of war: e.g. Prisoners: “Shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, including prohibition of outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliation & degrading treatment”. (26) *Question: Did the U.S. & Iraq 's treatment of Saddam Hussein meet the minimum standard of the 3 rd Geneva Convention?

*CONCLUSION: The harassment of Saddam Hussein by his executioners & the illegal cell phone recording of Saddam Hussein falling through the trap door -- have humiliated & shamed the Iraqi people; This poorly managed execution: #1. Violated the basic human right to die with dignity & #2. This hanging was an act of Murder.

III . MUAMMAR GADDAFI:

*U.S. DRONE ATTACK on QADDAFI: ”A U.S. Predator Drone was involved in the airstrike on Muammar Qaddafi's convoy (Thursday October 20 th , 2011) in the moments before his death, a U.S. defense official told Fox News.” (26)'

*GADAFFI'S DEATH on VIDEO: “Gaddafi, a fugitive since August, was killed on Oct. 20 after fighters for the National Transitional Council (NTC) captured his last stronghold and hometown of Sirte. His captors found him hiding in a drainage culvert & amateur video footage showed a dazed and bloodied Gaddafi being manhandled by an angry crowd. Minutes later he was dead” (27) – With bullet wounds, including one in the head. (28) “A doctor involved in carrying out … an autopsy on the former Libyan dictator confirmed he … died of a gunshot wound.” (28)' Gaddafi's violent death was “Broadcast to the world in snatches of grainy, gory cell phone video”. (29)

*THE RIGHT to a FAIR TRIAL: Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu, Secretary-general of the world's biggest organization of Muslim countries, condemned (the) brutal execution of Libya's former leader Muammar Gaddafi, saying he should have been put on trial ”. “When asked about the brutal killing of Gaddafi by the Anatolia news agency, (Professor Mehmet) Görmez said there are rules for putting tyrants on trial. ‘No matter how cruel a person is, brutally killing him through torture does not bring justice. On the contrary, this hurts justice. The way Gaddafi was killed and the exposure of this to the whole world through social media did not befit Muslims'. (30)

*DISPLAY of DEAD BODY: “ Professor Görmez also criticized the display of (Gaddafi's) dead body for days, which he said does not befit Muslims.” (31)

*WAR CRIME?: “The United Nations and human rights groups called … for a full investigation into the death of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi and voiced concerns that he may have been executed, a war crime under international law”. (32)

* GENEVA CONVENTIONS: “Under the Geneva Conventions which lay down the rules of conduct in armed conflict, it is prohibited to torture, humiliate or murder detainees.” Claudio Cordone, a senior director at Amnesty International said: "If Colonel Gaddafi was killed after his capture, it would constitute a war crime and those responsible should be brought to justice,” (33)

*MOB EXECUTION, SODOMY & JUSTICE: “ The revolutionary fighters responsible for Colonel Gaddafi's alleged mob execution will be put on trial, Libya 's new rulers declared yesterday. About a dozen rebels who were present when the captured despot was beaten and apparently sodomised with a knife before being shot dead will all face justice. “ ‘Whoever is responsible (for Gaddafi's death) will be judged and given a fair trial,' pledged Abdel Hafiz Ghoga, vice chairman of the ruling National Transitional Council at a press conference. (34)

IV. ANWAR al-AWLAKI:

*EXTRAJUDICIAL MURDER:

*FIRST U.S. CITIZEN TARGETED for ASSASSINATION:  ” ANWAR AL-AWLAKI , the Yemeni-American cleric who was killed Friday in a C.I.A. drone attack in Yemen, appears to be the first United States citizen that our government has publicly targeted for assassination. “ The accusations against him were very serious, but as a citizen, he deserved a fair trial and the chance to face his accusers in a court of law. Whether he deserved any punishment for his (behavior) was a decision that a jury should have made, not the executive branch of our government. The killing of this American citizen is … unconstitutional … The assassination is unconstitutional because the Fifth Amendment specifies that no person may “be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” A group of policy makers unilaterally deciding that a particular citizen needs to be targeted is not, by any stretch of the imagination, due process.” (35)

* CIA APPROVAL TO KILL MILITARY ENEMIES: “The Justice Department on October 2, 2011 gave the CIA approval to kill Al-Awlaki on grounds of "self-defense" because he was "targeting U.S. citizens." But so far we have been offered no visible proof that he was anything more than a crazy militant ideologue, instigating others to violence, without firing a shot himself.” “Political assassinations were banned by President Gerald Ford in 1976, so people on the CIA list are assumed to be military enemies of the U.S. and therefore legitimate targets.” (36)

*ASSASSINATION: The Center for Constitutional Rights and the ACLU … brought a case in US federal court on behalf of Anwar al-Awlaki's father , hoping to prevent this targeted killing. We lost the case on procedural grounds , but the judge considered the implications of (targeted killing) as raising "serious questions", asking: "Can the executive (branch) order the assassination of a US citizen without first affording him any form of judicial process whatsoever, based on the mere assertion that he is a dangerous member of a terrorist organisation?" *MURDER: “The claim, after the fact, by President Obama that Awlaki "operationally directed efforts" to attack the United States was never presented to a court before (Awlaki) was placed on the "kill" list ... Even if President Obama's claim has some validity, unless Awlaki's alleged terrorists actions were imminent and unless deadly force (was) employed (only as a) last resort, this killing constitutes murder.” *TERRORIST LABEL: “We know the government makes mistakes, lots of them, in giving people a "terrorist" label. Hundreds of men were wrongfully detained at Guantánamo. Should this same government, or any government, be allowed to order people's killing without due process?” (37)

V. CONCLUSION:

*HUMAN RIGHTS: I have shown how the murder of these 4 Arabic men denied these people the right to a Fair trial; they were denied the presumption of Innocence before being proved guilty; & they were denied basic Human rights of dignity & respect as they were killed. These 4 men were assassinated & executed by: Gun shot wounds, sentenced to death by Hanging or killed by or in part due to Drone attacks. Saddam Hussein & Muammar Gaddafi's deaths were broadcast to the world by Cell phone videos & they were Harrassed & taunted by onlooking crowds of people at the time of their deaths. Gaddafi was tortured by an alleged act of Sodomy by a rebel fighter using a knife or stick as (Gaddafi) was being dragged from the drainpipe where (Gaddafi) had taken cover”. (38)

*EGO & ENEMIES: We the Superior, perfect, holy people of this planet Earth -- feel we have the right to Assassinate, execute, murder, blow the brains out of, hang, drone attack, drag through the streets & sodomize the Inferior, imperfect, bad sinners of this world. Yet, we have created these Enemies of ours. Regarding Osama bin Laden: bin Laden had grievances against the United States including: the U.S. military occupation of Islamic lands. (39) Satish Kumar states: “Events are never isolated. September 11 did not happen…without cause or reason….Are there seeds of this event in the Gulf War…?” (40) Regarding Saddam Hussein: The United States supported Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War; The U.S. provided “Financing, Intelligence & Military help that built Saddam's Iraq into ‘The power it became'. (41) Regarding Gaddafi: “ Gadhafi's plan to quit selling Libyan oil in U.S. dollars — demanding payment instead in gold-backed (African) “dinars” … had the potential to bring down the dollar and the world monetary system … according to analysts. French President Nicolas Sarkozy reportedly went so far as to call Libya a “threat” to the financial security of the world. (42) Regarding Awlaki: “ There is ample evidence to suggest that the publicity surrounding the killing of al-Awlaki has greatly exaggerated his political importance and is an attempt to cover up the declining influence of the US in the Islamic world .” “Diplomatically isolated and domestically in trouble over failed economic policies, Obama pulls the trigger and shoots an itinerant Muslim preacher in Yemen to send a ‘message' to the Arab world. In a word he says, ‘If you, the Arabs, the Islamic world, wont' join us we can and will execute those of you who can be labeled ‘spiritual mentors' or are suspected of harboring terrorists.'” (43) In Summary: We the Superior people of the world created these Enemies, then we Assassinated, Executed, Murdered, Hanged, Sodomized, Video taped & Publicly displayed their dead bodies or dumped them in the ocean.

*DECLARATION Against ASSASSINATION, EXECUTION & MURDER: I, Mary Hamer declare that I do not believe in or condone the Assassination, execution or murder of anyone including terrorists -- for any reason including the propaganda of “defending Freedom & Democracy”, to safeguard an Oil economy or to protect the U.S. Dollar.

*In Conclusion, the quote Monsters & Evil that the world killed as reported above– are the monsters & evil that the world created. Why does the world create monsters? Cole explains: “Freud provided an important insight that we construct monsters … They represent our fears … or they represent our own monstrosity, our capacity for destructive evil intent.” (44) Hence, I, Mary Hamer apologize to the world for the savage & barbaric violation of the human & constitutional rights of these Arabic men. May they rest in peace.

Namaste. Salaam. Shalom. Peace. Thank you. Respectfully,

Mary Hamer, M.D. U.S.A.

REFERENCES:

1. Celebrating the Killing of Osama bin Laden. By Mary Hamer. www. countercurrents . org /hamer090511.htm .

2. news.yahoo.com. Bin Laden & the War in Afghanistan . By Laura Rosen. 5/2/11 .

3. abcnews.go.com. Osama bin laden Unarmed when Killed, White House Says. By Brian Ross & Lee Ferran. 5/3/11 .

4. en.wikipedia.org. Death of Osama bin Laden. Objective Section. Referencing: Mike Allen. (5/2/11) Osama bin Laden Raid Yields trove of Computer Data. Politico.

5. www.ibtimes.com. Is Osama bin laden Killing Legal? International Law Experts divided. May 7, 2011 .

6. www.ibtimes.com . Is Osama bin laden Killing Legal? International Law Experts divided. May 7, 2011 .

7. www.guardian.co.uk . Killing Unarmed Osama bin Laden ‘Doesn't Serve Justice' – Rowan Williams. By Owen Bowcott. May 5, 2011 .

8. www.guardian.co.uk. Killing unarmed Osama bin Laden ‘Doesn't Serve Justice' – Rowan Williams. By Owen Bowcott. May 5, 2011 .

9. abcnews.go.com. Osama Bin Laden's Sons Say U.S. Broke Law in Killing their Father. By Randy Kreider. May 10, 2011 .

10. www.reuters.com. Concerns Raised over Shooting of Unarmed bin Laden, Burial. By Erik Kirschbaum & Jonathan Thatcher. May 4, 2011 .

11. www.reuters.com. Concerns Raised over Shooting of Unarmed bin Laden, Burial. By Erik Kirschbaum & Jonathan Thatcher. May 4, 2011 .

12. cnn.site.printthis.clickability.com. Details of Raid on Bin Laden compound unfold. CNN correspondents contributed to this report including Nic Robertson, Barbara Starr, John King, etc.

13. news.yahoo.com. Officials: SEALs thought bin Laden Threatening. By Kinberly Dozier & Erica Werner. AP 5/5/1 .

14. www.ralphdsherman.com . Legal Opinion. By Atty. Ralph D. Sherman. November 2001.

15. en.wikipedia.org. Rules of Engagement. Referencing the U.S. Military Use of Force. 1999 Marine Corps Combat Manual.

16. abcnews.go.com. Osama Bin Laden's Sons Say U.S. Broke Law in Killing their Father. By Randy Kreider. May 10, 2011 .

17. cnn.site.printthis.clickability.com. Details of Raid on Bin Laden compound unfold. CNN correspondents contributed to this report including Nic Robertson, Barbara Starr, John King, etc.

18. www.guardian.co.uk. Killing unarmed Osama bin Laden ‘Doesn't Serve Justice' – Rowan Williams. By Owen Bowcott. May 5, 2011 .

19. abcnews.go.com. Osama bin Laden Operation ended with coded message ‘Geronimo-E KIA'.

20. www.reuters.com. Concerns Raised over Shooting of Unarmed bin Laden, Burial. By Erik Kirschbaum & Jonathan Thatcher. May 4. 2011.

21. Apology for the Iraq War: The Disrespect, Humiliation & Dishonor of War. By Mary Hamer. www.countercurrents.org/hamer020111.htm .

22. en.wikipedia.org. Execution of Saddam Hussein. Referencing: Mubarak: Execution turned Saddam into Martyr. Middle East Online 12/30/6 & Council of Europe Press release. 2006; Also, Referencing: Simpson, John Saddam Hanging Taunts evoke Ugly Past. BBC 12/30/6. & Parsons, Claudia. Fallen Tyrant Taunted in Saddam Video. Reuters. 12/31/6 .

23. articles.cnn.com. Your e-mails: ‘More of a Lynching than an Execution. 1/3/7 .

24. www.islamicsupremecounscil.com. The Death of Saddam Hussein. By Syed Soharwardy.

25. www.channelnewsasia.com. Saddam Lawyer Calls for UN Inquiry into Execution. 1/3/7 .

26. en.wikipedia.org. Third Geneva Convention. View date: 1/2/11 .

26.' www.foxnews.com. U.S. Drone involved in Final Qaddafi Strike. Fox News. 10/20/11 .]

27. www.todayszaman.com. Gaddafi Execution was Inhumane, OIC Head Says. October 28, 2011 .

28. www.telegraph.co.uk. Col Gaddafi Dead: Crowds Gather to See Dead Dictator's Body. By Damien McElroy. Oct. 21, 2011 .

28.'www.thesun.co.uk. Gaddafi ‘Shot in Head & Belly'. By Staff Reporter. 10/23/11.

29. www.reuters.com. U.S. & Activists urge Inquiry into Gaddafi Death. By Stephanie Nebehay. Oct. 21, 2011 .

30. www.todayszaman.com. Gaddafi Execution was Inhumane, OIC Head Says. October 28, 2011 .

31. www.todayszaman.com. Gaddafi Execution was Inhumane, OIC Head Says. October 28, 2011 .

32. www.reuters.com. U.N. & Activists urge Inquiry into Gaddafi Death. By Stephanie Nebehay. Oct. 21, 2011 .

33. www.reuters.com. U.N. & Activists urge Inquiry into Gaddafi Death. By Stephanie Nebehay. Oct. 21, 2011 .

34. www.dailymail.co.uk. Gaddafi's Killers will be Put on Trial over Mob Execution, Vow Libya's New Rulers. By Sam Greenhill. Oct. 29 2011.

35. www.nytimes.com . An Illegal & Counterproductive Assassination. By Yasir Qadhi, an American Muslim cleric & doctoral candidate in the Dept. of Religious Studies at Yale. 10/1/11 .

36. www.huffingtonpost.co. The Assassination of Al-Awlaki, American Citizen & al Qaeda Martyr. Azeem Ibrahim Research Fellow, Harvard Kennedy School's International Security Program. 10/6/11.

37. www.guardian.co.uk. Anwar al-Awlaki's Extrajudicial Murder. By Michael Ratner. Deptember 30, 2011.

38. www.globalpost.com . Gaddafi Sodomized: Video Shows Abuse frame by frame. 10/20/11.

39. en.wikipedia.org. Beliefs & Ideology of Osama bin Laden. Referencing: "World Islamic Front Statement Urging Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders" . Fas.org . http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/980223-fatwa.htm . Retrieved 2010-09-04 .

40. Ahimsa, Anekanta & Jainism. Edited by Tara Sethia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. C. 2004. Chapter: NonViolence for All. by Satish Kumar. Pg 67.

41. en.wikipedia.org. United States support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War. Referencing: McPherson, James. Journalism at the End of the American Century, 1965-Present , Praeger Publishers, page 125, 30 June 2006.

42. thenewamerica.com. Gaddafi's Gold-Money Plan would have Devasted Dollar. By Alex Newman. November 11, 2011.

43. petras.lahaine.org. Obama: The Assassination of Anwar Al-Awlaki by Fiat. By James Petras. 10/6/11.

44. Cole, Phillip. The Myth of Evil: Demonizing the Enemy. Praeger Publisher. C 2006. Pg. 119, 236.

Mary Hamer is a medical doctor who writes Earth and human & animal rights essays.

 

 



 


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