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Israel’s Deadly Tear Gas Made in USA

By Ira Chernus

04 January, 2011
CommonDreams.org

The Israeli peace movement is coming back to life, supporting the Palestinian nonviolent resistance to the occupation. And the Israelis are proving themselves just as nonviolent. In fact, they're becoming exceedingly polite and courteous.

The other day they found a bunch of things marked "Made in USA" lying on the ground. They figured some Americans must have lost them. To make sure those things got returned, the peace activists delivered them directly to James Cunningham, the U.S. ambassador to Israel, at his own residence, in the middle of the night, when they were sure to find him at home.

Apparently the ambassador did not appreciate the courteous gesture. The police quickly arrived, broke up the action, arrested eleven people, and found a way to keep them jailed on trumped up charges.

It's not likely that the ambassador was too upset about being kept awake. But he was probably unhappy about the objects being returned: empty tear gas canisters, marked "made in USA," fired by Israeli soldiers in the West Bank. They're used to break up nonviolent protests against the Israeli-built wall that is tearing Palestinian life apart. One canister made in the USA killed Jawaher Abu Rahmah, in the village of Bil'in, on the last day of 2010. Another one killed Jawaher's brother, Bassem, in April, 2009.

But these canisters, and the Israeli soldiers who shoot them, don't discriminate against Palestinians. American-made tear gas canisters are used against American citizens too.

Just a few days before Bassem Abu Rahmah was killed by a tear gas canister blow to the chest, an American volunteer with the International Solidarity Movement, Tristan Anderson, was hit in the head by the same kind of canister in the village of Nil'in. Anderson survived, though surgeons had to remove part of his brain. Another American, Emily Henochowicz, lost her eye in June, 2010 when she was hit by a tear gas canister during a protest at a West Bank checkpoint.

The tear gas that killed Jawaher Abu Rahmah on New Year's Eve probably came from a Stinger Rubber Ball Grenade, made by the Defense Technology Corporation of America, headquartered in Casper, Wyoming. It spins through the air and then bounces along the ground, so no one can predict where the gas will spew out. Defense Technology says that the Stinger can be loaded with either CS (a strong tear gas), OC gas (more commonly known as pepper spray), or CN gas (mace).

Ha'aretz, Israel's most respected newspaper, reported that Jawaher was killed by CS gas. "Protester death shows IDF may be using most dangerous type of tear gas," the headline read. It's the kind of gas the Israelis usually use, the report explains, even though "there have been reports of several deaths caused by the inhalation of CS."

However after Jawaher died her cousin Hamde Abu Rahmah said, "We deal with tear-gas on a regular basis but the amount that they used and the strength was something we have not yet seen." Others at the New Year's Eve protest agreed. One said that the gas felt "like a million blue shards of glass tearing at your alveoli and shredding your eyes. ... Every breath tears at your insides; vicious animals live in your lungs. I'd rather not breathe than take one more anguished, searing, charred breath. Then, you don't have a choice; you can't breathe."

Another eyewitness reported that the Israelis laid down barrages of tear gas both in front and behind groups of protesters, trapping them, and the gas "remained effective even when it was no longer visible in the air. You would think you had moved away from it and suddenly you couldn't breathe."

Ahmad el-Jobeh believes it was pepper spray that cost him his eyesight when he was accidentally caught up in Israeli repression of a protest in Silwan, an Arab section of Jerusalem where Jews join Palestinians regularly to protest the destruction of Arab homes and construction of Jewish dwellings. There's no doubt that some tear gas canisters used in Silwan, whatever is in them, are marked "Made in U.S.A." and say clearly that aiming them at people can be lethal. What's worse, the gas in some of them, at least, is past its expiration date and thus even more dangerous.

The Israeli military also has lethal high-velocity projectiles, the kind that struck Bassem Abu Rahmen and Tristan Anderson. They are made by Combined Systems Inc. based in Jamestown, Pennsylvania -- though the company is owned by an Israeli, according to Joseph Dana, media spokesman for the Popular Struggle Coordination Committee. A protester who was at Bil'in when Jawaher died saw the Israelis using the same high-velocity projectiles in that most recent action too, although it is supposedly banned by the Israeli Defense Forces.

(The IDF is trying to deny responsibility for Jawaher's death, claiming she was not even at the protest. But there are eyewitnesses who saw her there and saw her taken away in an ambulance. With so many past instances of IDF cover-ups proven false, there's no reason to take this self-serving story seriously.)

The victims of all these tragedies were strictly nonviolent and posed no threat to the Israeli soldiers. The centrist Israeli newspaper Yedioth Aharonoth reported that the protesters "did not provoke the soldiers" who fired the tear gas that killed Jawaher Abu Rahmen. You can see her brother Bassem's death, in chilling detail, in a video that shows Israelis clearly shooting without any provocation.

Israeli authorities inevitably blame rock-throwing Palestinian youths for inciting violence, and U.S. mass media journalists like the New York Times' Isabel Kershner often spin the story the same way. But eyewitnesses in every one of these cases confirm what you can see for yourself in the award-winning film Budrus: the rock-throwing doesn't start until long after the Israelis have started firing, it does no real harm to the well-armed Israelis, and local leaders beg the youth to desist.

Palestinian Prime Minister Salem Fayyad has recently reaffirmed what all fair-minded observers see: Palestinians in the West Bank are now overwhelmingly committed to keeping their struggle against the occupation nonviolent. And, as even the conservative editors of the Wall Street Journal have recognized, Hamas is moving in the same direction in Gaza.

"We don't seek vengeance against Israel," a surviving brother of Jawaher and Bassem Abu Rahmah told Ha'aretz. "They are people just like myself. We want the return of our lands, and the struggle won't end until our property is restored."

As long as the Israelis occupy the West Bank, though, they have don't have the option of nonviolence. A military occupation is inherently an act of violence and it has to be maintained by violence. As Gandhi taught us, you can't support injustice with nonviolence.

The Israelis will never lack for weapons of violence, it seems. The ones they can't make themselves they get abroad -- mostly in the United States, mostly paid for by us, the U.S. taxpayers, to the tune of at least $3 billion a year. And good ‘ol American technology is always ready to give the buyer a wide range of "new, improved" products to choose from.

Now isn't there a law prohibiting U.S. military aid and American military equipment being used overseas for human rights violations? Hey, I'm just asking. Given a Republican majority in the House, though, it hardly matters. The GOP is even more determined than the Democrats to let the Israeli military have its way.

So what's a citizen to do? There is a growing boycott/divestment/sanctions (BDS) movement aimed at Israel. But can we boycott the tear gas makers? Though they make an amazing variety of other products too, all are used by military forces, or by police departments. Nothing you'd be likely to buy.

However you might check whether your local police department is patronizing Defense Technology Corporation or Combined Systems, Inc. with your tax dollars. (CSI says that it markets "its innovative line of less-lethal munitions" -- less lethal than what? -- "and crowd control products to domestic law enforcement agencies under its law enforcement brand name, CTS.") Even the moderate Jewish peace group J Street, which has serious reservations about BDS, says it takes a positive view of targeted boycotts aimed only at the occupation.

J Street itself is more interested in putting pressure on the Obama administration to take "a bolder, more assertive approach" to the peace process. It wants the U.S. to lean on the Israelis and Palestinians to quickly negotiate the borders of the new Palestinian state. If the parties can't do it themselves (which seems likely) the U.S. should present its own proposal, J Street says -- an idea that's rapidly gaining a lot of support.

There's no need for peace activists to decide between supporting a targeted boycott and a U.S. peace plan, nor to squabble over which approach is better. The two paths can, and should, be taken simultaneously. They reinforce each other.

Israeli and American BDS supporters will keep calling attention to U.S. complicity in the repression and killing of Palestinians. The embarrassments to the U.S. -- like the protest at the American ambassador's home in Israel -- will keep on mounting. Eventually, the Obama administration will find it impossible to let the conflict go on.

If we try to wash our hands of it (as New York Times pundit Thomas Friedman suggests) it's hypocrisy, because we'll still be supplying the Israelis with their weapons of death. The U.S. government has played a central role in perpetuating this injustice. The U.S. government must take responsibility for righting the wrong and ending the killing. It's one of those happy occasions were morality and self-interest both dictate the same policy.

The U.S. government can guide (to put it politely) the Israelis to make fundamental changes because ultimately Israel must bend to U.S. wishes, if the Obama administration asserts itself strongly enough. Whether that happens depends strictly on the administration's political cost-benefit calculus.

Boycotts may or may not ever make the Israelis change their policies. But they might make U.S. companies stop dealing lethal material to Israel. And political pressure -- if it's strong and smart enough -- can make the administration change its ways.

Ira Chernus is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Read more of his writing on Israel, Palestine, and American Jews at http://chernus.wordpress.com. Contact him at [email protected]